2-100 important points in opthalmology

1- other name of lowe's syndrome ? oculo- cerebral - renal syndrome .

2- etiology of lowe's syndrome ? rare inborn error of amino acid metabolism .

3- features of lowe syndrome ? ocular- congenital cataract and glaucoma , systemic features - mental retardation , dwarfism , osteomalacia , muscular hypotonia , and frontal prominence .

4- snow flake cataract is seen in ? diabetes mellitus .

5- sunflower cataract is seen in ? wilson's disease ( hepatolenticular degeneration )

6-most common ocular feature of wilson's disease ? kayser fleischer ring ( KF ring ) seen in the cornea .

7-most common type of congenital cataract ? zonular or lamellar cataract

8- powdery appearance of the lenticular opacity is seen in? cataract centralis pulverulenta

9- munson's sign is seen in ? KERATOCONUS

10- normal anterior chamber depth ? 2 to 3 mm ( 2.5 mm )

11-protanopes have difficulty in identifyin which colour ? RED

12- colour blindness is hereditary , not age related , occurs only in males and cannot be treated .

13- treatment of presbyopia ? convex lens

14- distance used in direct distant opthalmoscopy ? 25 cms

15- causes of amaurotic cats eye reflex ( leucokoria ) ?
a- fungal endophthalmitis ( toxocara ) ,
b- retinoblastoma
c- retinal detachment
d- retrolental hyperplasia ( retinopathy of prematurity )
e- congenital cataract
f- persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous
g- inflammatory deposits in eye
h- coloboma of choroid
i - tuberculoma of choroid
j-exudative retinopathy of COATS
k- cyclitic membrane

16- presbyopia is not a refractive error

17- commonest cause of low vision in india ? uncorrected refractive errors

18- commonest cause of blindness in india ? cataract

19- constantly changing refractory error is seen ? DIABETIC CATARACT

20- infant eye at birth is ? hypermetropic of 2 dioptres .

21- total diopteric power of eye ? 60 diopters

22- presbyopia is caused by ? loss of accomodation

23- the graph of the movement of eye is called ? electronystagmogram .

24- keratometer is used to assess the curvature of the cornea .

25- snellens chart is used to test ? vision

26- the nerves tested in the pupilllary reflex ? the optic nerve and the oculomotor nerve ( second and the third ) .

27- angle of the anterior chamber is visualised by ? slit lamp examination and gonioscopy .

28- in a patient of 20 years presenting with moving floaters .. diagnosis is done by ? INDIRECT OPTHALMOSCOPY

29-length of the eye ball - 24 mm

30- commonest type of colour blindness ? PROTANOPES ( RED DEFECT )

31- indirect opthalmoscope -

a- image is real and inverted
b- details of the fundus can be seen even with slightly hazy media
c- magnification less than direct opthalmoscope
d- used for seeing the periphery of the fundus

32- best method for examination of the periphery of the retina ? BINOCULAVIN INDIRECT OPTHALMOSCOPE

33- magnification of the direct opthalmoscope ? fifteen times . 15

34- image formed in direct opthalmoscope ? VIRTUAL AND ERECT .

35- in flourescein angiography of retinal vessels the dye is injected into which vessel ? ANTERIOR CUBITAL VEIN ( ante cubital vein )

36- in cerebral angiography the dye is injected into which vessel ? CAROTID ARTERY

37 - indirect opthalmoscopy is done for
a- PERIPHERY OF RETINA , b- centre of retina , c- sclera , d- angle of the anterior chamber

38-gonioscopy is used to study ? angle of the anterior chamber of the eye

39-flourescein angiography is used to identify lesions in all except ? LENS ( because it is avascular )

40- periphery of retina is visualised by indirect opthalmoscopy

41- ulcer serpens is caused by - PNEUMOCOCCUS

42- the extra ocular muscle which is served by a contralateral brain stem subnucleus ? SUPERIOR RECTUS

43- twilight vision is by? rods

44- commonest cause of keratitis in soft contact lens user ? acanthamoeba

45- chalcosis is seen with ? COPPER

46- contraindications of topical beta blockers which are normally used in the treatment of the acute angle closure glaucoma ? asthma , hypotension and depression.

47- patient suffered blunt trauma to the eye and after that he developed sudden loss of vision with deep anterior chamber , most likely cause is ? lens dislocation

48- keratoconus - munson's sign , thinning of cornea in center , distortion of corneal reflex in the center , no hypermetropia seen.

49- thickness of cornea is measured by - PACHYMETER

50 - spring catarrh is otherwise called ? VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS

51- ropy discharge from the eye is seen in VERNAL KC OR SPRING CATARRH

52- cobble stone arrangement of papillae under the upper eye lid is seen in? SPRING CATARRH

53- tranta's spots are seen in ? SPRING CATARRH

54- fleischer ring characteristic of - CHALCOSIS - copper

55- metabolically active layer of cornea ? endothelium

56- phlycten is due to endogenous allergy

57- ideal treatment for bilateral retinoblastoma ? enucleation

58- in complete third nerve palsy ? eye deviated laterally , superior and inferior recti affected , dilated pupil , ptosis, conversion / accomodation is lost

59- WHEELERS OPERATION ------------------ENTROPION ( inward turning of the eye lid )

BLASCOWICK'S OPERATION--------------PTOSIS ( CONGENITAL ) ( drooping of the upper eyelid )

FASANELLA SERVAT OPERATION ----HORNER'S SYNDROME

60- most common malignant tumour of the eyelids ? basal cell carcinoma

61-most common malignant tumor of the eye - retinoblastoma

62- most common tumor of the orbit ( 1st decade ) ? rhaddomyosarcoma

63- most common intraocular tumor in adult ? metastasis ( check )

64- most common sign of retinoblastoma ? leucocoria

65- for a new born baby with squint surgery shud be done at ? 3- 4 YEARS

66- for a new born baby with congenital cataract surgery ? shud be done before 17 weeks ( 4 months ) or some doctors before 2 months .

67- superior oblique - supplied by 4 th nerve and lateral rectus by 6 th nerve ... all others by the third nerve

68- ptosis results from trauma to which nerve ? oculomotor

69-weakest wall of the human orbit ? floor ( check )

70- most common eye ball tumor ? retinoblastoma

71- ocular manifestation of the sturge weber syndrome ? HEMANGIOMA OF THE CHOROID AND GLAUCOMA .

72- retinoblastoma presenting features are ? leucocoria , squint , glaucoma . the cataract is not a presenting feature of the retinoblastoma

73- proptosis is seen in NEUROBLASTOMA .

74- superior oblique function ? depression with internal rotation ( abduction )

75- ptosis with weakness of the orbicularis oculi is a feature of ? MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

76- plication of the inferior lid retractors operation is done for ? senile entropion

77- tear film is composed of how many layers ? 3 layers

78- blow out fracture of the orbit commonly involves the ? the floor

79- most common second malignancy seen in patients with familial retinoblastoma is ? OSTEOSARCOMA

80- causes of night blindness ? vit a deficiency , retinitis pigmentosa , high myopia

81- which part of the orbicularis oculi is called the horner's muscle ? MULLER'S MUSCLE

82- orbital metastasis is most common in which tumor ? NEUROBLASTOMA

83- visible spectrum - 400 to 700 mu

84- the mother of a one and a half year old child gives history of a white reflex from one eye for the past one month
.ct scan of the orbit showed calcification within the globe . the most likely diagnosis is ? RETINOBLASTOMA

85- type of laser used in capsulotomy ? YAG laser

86- YAG laser is used in the treatment of ? AFTER CATARACT

87- ocular muscle which is commonly involved in thyrotoxic myopathy ? INFERIOR RECTUS

88- most common cause of blindness in children in india ? vitamin A deficiency

89- FRILL'S EXCISION is done for - PAN OPTHALMITIS

90- treatment of choice for carotico cavernous fistula ? balloon embolisation

91- all visual reflexes are developed by ? one year

92- photopthalmia is due to which rays ? ultraviolet rays ( snow blindness )

93- adeno virus causes ? kerato conjunctivitis , diarrhoea , parotid enlargement .

94- in AIDS most common retinitis ? CMV CHORIORETINITIS

95- after cataract is treated by ? Nd YAG laser

96- virus causing eye infections is ? ADENO VIRUS

97- an 18 year old boy comes to the eye casualty with history of injury with a tennis ball . on examination there is no perforation but there is hyphema ,
the most likely source of blood is ? circulus iridis major

98-in retinoblastoma after enucleation , which tissue is sectioned to find out systemic metastasis ? OPTIC NERVE

99- action of the right superior oblique muscle is dextro depression.

100- RETINOBLASTOMA IS BILATERAL IN 30 % CASES